Web服务之LNMMP架构及动静分离实现

一、LNMMP

LNMMP环境是Linux + Nginx + Memcached + MySQL + PhP，即LNMP + memcached。

Memcached 是一个高性能的分布式内存对象缓存系统，用于动态Web应用以减轻数据库负载。它通过在内存中缓存数据和对象来减少读取数据库的次数，从而提供动态、数据库驱动网站的速度。Memcached基于一个存储键/值对的hashmap。其守护进程（daemon ）是用C写的，但是客户端可以用任何语言来编写，并通过memcached协议与守护进程通信。

二、工程拓扑

三、安装nginx服务器

1. 1）部署开发环境
2. # yum -y install "Development tools" "Server Platform Development"
3. 2）解决依赖 pcre-devel openssl-devel
4. # yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel
5. 3) 设置用户
6. # groupadd -r nginx
7. # useradd -r -g nginx nginx
8. 4）编译安装nginx-1.4.7
9. # tar xf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz
10. # cd nginx-1.4.7
11. # ./configure --prefix=/usr --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx
12. --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path= /var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log
13. --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module
14. --with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module
15. --with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/
16. --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=
17. /var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre
18. # make && make install
19. 5）检测配置文件语法
20. # /usr/sbin/nginx -t
21. 6) 提供启动脚本
22. # vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
23. 内容如下
24. # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
25. #
26. # chkconfig: - 85 15
27. # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse
28. # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
29. # processname: nginx
30. # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
31. # config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
32. # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
33. # Source function library.
34. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
35. # Source networking configuration.
36. . /etc/sysconfig/network
37. # Check that networking is up.
38. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
39. nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
40. prog=$(basename $nginx)
41. NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
42. [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
43. lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
44. make_dirs() {
45. # make required directories
46. user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=([^ ]*).*/1/g' -`
47. options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
48. for opt in $options; do
49. if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
50. value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
51. if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
52. # echo "creating" $value
53. mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
54. fi
55. fi
56. done
57. }
58.  
59. start() {
60. [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
61. [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
62. make_dirs
63. echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
64. daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
65. retval=$?
66. echo
67. [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
68. return $retval
69. }
70.  
71. stop() {
72. echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
73. killproc $prog -QUIT
74. retval=$?
75. echo
76. [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
77. return $retval
78. }
79.  
80. restart() {
81. configtest || return $?
82. stop
83. sleep 1
84. start
85. }
86.  
87. reload() {
88. configtest || return $?
89. echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
90. killproc $nginx -HUP
91. RETVAL=$?
92. echo
93. }
94.  
95. force_reload() {
96. restart
97. }
98.  
99. configtest() {
100. $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
101. }
102.  
103. rh_status() {
104. status $prog
105. }
106.  
107. rh_status_q() {
108. rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
109. }
110. case "$1" in
111. start)
112. rh_status_q && exit 0
113. $1
114. ;;
115. stop)
116. rh_status_q || exit 0
117. $1
118. ;;
119. restart|configtest)
120. $1
121. ;;
122. reload)
123. rh_status_q || exit 7
124. $1
125. ;;
126. force-reload)
127. force_reload
128. ;;
129. status)
130. rh_status
131. ;;
132. condrestart|try-restart)
133. rh_status_q || exit 0
134. ;;
135. *)
136. echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
137. exit 2
138. esac
139. 7)为服务脚本赋予执行权限
140. # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
141. 8）添加到系统服务并开机启动
142. # chkconfig --add nginx
143. # chkconfig nginx on
144. # chkconfig --list nigx
145. 9) 设置nginx配置文件的语法高亮
146. # mkdir ./vim/syntax -pv
147. # cd .vim/syntax
148. # wget http://www.vim.org/scripts/download_script.php?src_id=19394
149. # cd .vim
150. # vim filetype.vim 内容如下
151. au BufRead,BufNewFile /etc/nginx/*,/usr/local/nginx/conf/* if &ft == '' | setfiletype nginx | endif
152. 10）启动服务
153. # service nginx start
154. # ss -tnalp | grep nginx

四、安装MySQL服务器

1.安装

1. # tar xf mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
2. # ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql 创建软连接，易于操作

2.为数据库创建数据目录

1. #mkdri -pv /mydata/data

3.新建用户以安全方式运行进程

1. #groupadd -r mysql //创建系统组mysql
2. #useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -M -D /mydata/data mysql
3. //创建系统用户mysql
4. #chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data
5. //设置目录属主属组

4.初始化mysql

1. # cd /usr/local/mysql
2. # scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata/data --user=mysql
3. //初始化数据库
4. # chown -R root .
5. //设置当前目录所有文件属主为root

5.提供脚本

1. #cd /usr/local/mysql
2. #cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
3. //设置脚本mysqld
4. #chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
5. //给脚本执行权限
6. # chkconfig --add mysqld
7. //添加开机启动
8. # chkconfig mysqld on

6.提供配文件

1. #cd /usr/local/mysql
2. #cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
3. #vim /etc/my.cnf
4. thread_concurrency = 2
5. //修改，并发线程数，bithread_concurrency的值为CPU个数乘以2
6. datadir = /mydata/data
7. #添加,mysql数据文件的存放路径：

7.其他配置

1. # vim /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
2. exportPATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
3. # source /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
4. #vim /etc/man.config
5. MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man//添加此行
6. # ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
7. //输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include
8. # echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
9. //输出mysql的库文件给系统库
10. #ldconfig //重载系统库：

8.启动服务

1. # service mysqld start
2. # ss -tnl | grep 3306

9.用户初始化

1. #mysql
2. mysql> use mysql
3. mysql> selecthost,user,password from user;
4. mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = ''; //删除空用户
5. mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = '::1'; //删除ipv6用户
6. mysql> UPDATE user SET password = PASSWORD('Hoolee') WHERE password = '';
7. //为root用户设置密码
8. mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

五、安装php服务器

1.解决开发环境和依赖关系

1. # yum -y install bzip2-devel
2. # yum -y install libmcrypt-devel
3. # yum -y groupinstall "Desktop Platform Development"

2.安装php

1. # tar xf php-5.4.26.tar.bz2
2. # cd /usr/src/php-5.4.26/
3. # ./configure--prefix=/usr/local/php --with-openssl
4. --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd
5. --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir
6. --with-png-dir --with-zlib--with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml
7. --enable-sockets --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs
8. --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d
9. --with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts
10. # make && make install

3.提供配置文件

1. # cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini

4.为php-fpm提供脚本，并将其添加到服务列表

1. # cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
2. # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
3. # chkconfig --add php-fpm
4. # chkconfig php-fpm on

5.为php-fpm提供配置文件

1. # cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

6.编辑php-fpm配置文件

1. # vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
2. pm.max_children = 150
3. pm.start_servers = 8
4. pm.min_spare_servers = 5
5. pm.max_spare_servers = 10
6. pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
7. listen = 172.16.1.11:9000

7.启动php-fpm

1. # service php-fpm start
2. # ps -aux | grep php-fpm

六、安装php加速器xcache

1.安装xcache

1. # tar xf xcache-3.0.3.tar.gz
2. # cd xcache-3.0.3
3. # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
4. //phpize是用来安装php扩展模块的，通过phpize可以建立php的
5. 外挂模块，若你想在原来编译好的php中加入memcached或者
6. ImageMagick等扩展模块，就需要使用phpize
7. # # ./configure --enable=xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/
8. php-config
9. # make && make install
10. //显示xcache模块路径：/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/

2.编辑配置文件，整合php + xcache

1. # vim xcache.ini
2. //添加模块路径
3. extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/xcache.so
4. # cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/

3.重启php-fpm

1. # service php-fpm restart

七、配置nginx

1.编辑/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,实现动静分离

1. worker_processes 2; #worker进程的个数
2. error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; #错误日志路径及级别
3. events {
4. worker_connections 1024; #每个worker能够并发响应的最大请求数
5. }
6. http {
7. include mime.types; #支持多媒体类型
8. default_type application/octet-stream;
9. sendfile on; #由内核直接转发
10. #keepalive_timeout 0;
11. keepalive_timeout 5; #持久连接5s
12. gzip on; #开启压缩功能
13. server {
14. listen 80;
15. server_name www.hoo.com;
16. add_header X-via $server_addr; #让客户端能够看到代理服务器的IP
17. location / {
18. root html;
19. index index.php index.html index.htm;
20. }
21. location ~* .(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css)$ { #匹配静态内容
22. root html; #默认目录在/usr/local/nginx/html
23. }
24. location ~ .php$ { #匹配动态php文件
25. root html;
26. fastcgi_pass 172.16.7.11:9000; #代理到的服务器
27. fastcgi_index index.php;
28. fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
29. include fastcgi_params;
30. }
31. }
32. }

2.编辑/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params

1. fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
2. fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
3. fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
4. fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
5. fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
6. fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
7. fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
8. fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
9. fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
10. fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
11. fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
12. fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
13. fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
14. fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
15. fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
16. fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
17. fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

3.重载nginx

1. # service nginx reload

八、安装Memcached服务器[!--empirenews.page--]分页标题[/!--empirenews.page--]

1.memcached特性

Memcached是一款开发工具，它既不是一个代码加速器，也不是数据库中间件。其设计哲学思想主要反映在如下方面：

（1）简单key/value存储：服务器不关心数据本身的意义及结构，只要是可序列化数据即可。存储项由“键、过期时间、可选的标志及数据”四个部分组成；

（2）功能的实现一半依赖于客户端，一半基于服务器端：客户负责发送存储项至服务器端、从服务端获取数据以及无法连接至服务器时采用相应的动作；服务端负责接收、存储数据，并负责数据项的超时过期；

（3）各服务器间彼此无视：不在服务器间进行数据同步；

（4）O(1)的执行效率

（5）清理超期数据：默认情况下，Memcached是一个LRU缓存，同时，它按事先预订的时长清理超期数据；但事实上，memcached不会删除任何已缓存数据，只是在其过期之后不再为客户所见；而且，memcached也不会真正按期限清理缓存，而仅是当get命令到达时检查其时长；

2.安装memcached

a).部署开发环境，解决依赖关系

1. # tar xf memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz
2. # cd memcached-1.4.15
3. # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent
4. # make && make install

c).为memcached提供启动脚本

1. #!/bin/bash
2. #
3. # Init file for memcached
4. #
5. # chkconfig: - 86 14
6. # description: Distributed memory caching daemon
7. #
8. # processname: memcached
9. # config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached
10. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
11. ## Default variables
12. PORT="11211"
13. USER="nobody"
14. MAXCONN="1024"
15. CACHESIZE="64"
16. OPTIONS=""
17. RETVAL=0
18. prog="/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached"
19. desc="Distributed memory caching"
20. lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/memcached"
21. start() {
22. echo -n $"Starting $desc (memcached): "
23. daemon $prog -d -p $PORT -u $USER -c $MAXCONN -m $CACHESIZE -o "$OPTIONS"
24. RETVAL=$?
25. [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && touch $lockfile || failure
26. echo
27. return $RETVAL
28. }
29. stop() {
30. echo -n $"Shutting down $desc (memcached): "
31. killproc $prog
32. RETVAL=$?
33. [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && rm -f $lockfile || failure
34. echo
35. return $RETVAL
36. }
37. restart() {
38. stop
39. start
40. }
41. reload() {
42. echo -n $"Reloading $desc ($prog): "
43. killproc $prog -HUP
44. RETVAL=$?
45. [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success || failure
46. echo
47. return $RETVAL
48. }
49. case "$1" in
50. start)
51. start
52. ;;
53. stop)
54. stop
55. ;;
56. restart)
57. restart
58. ;;
59. condrestart)
60. [ -e $lockfile ] && restart
61. RETVAL=$?
62. ;;
63. reload)
64. reload
65. ;;
66. status)
67. status $prog
68. RETVAL=$?
69. ;;
70. *)
71. echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}"
72. RETVAL=1
73. esac
74. exit $RETVAL

d).添加memcached至服务列表

1. # chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached
2. # chkconfig --add memcached
3. # service memcached start

1. # ss -tnlp | grep 11211

九、安装php的memcached扩展

1.安装memcached扩展

1. # tar xf memcache-2.2.7.tgz
2. # cd memcache-2.2.7
3. # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
4. # ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-memcache
5. # make && make install

2.编辑配置文件，整合php + memcached

1. # vim xcache.ini
2. //添加模块路径
3. extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/memcache.so

3.重启php-fpm

1. # service php-fpm restart

4.对memcached功能进行测试，在网站目录中建立测试页面test.php

1. //php服务器
2. # vim test.php
3. <?php
4. $mem = new Memcache;
5. $mem->connect("172.16.1.13", 11211) or die("Could not connect");
6. $version = $mem->getVersion();
7. echo "Server's version: ".$version."<br/>n";
8. $mem->set('hellokey', 'Hello World', 0, 600) or die("Failed to save data at the memcached server");
9. echo "Store data in the cache (data will expire in 600 seconds)<br/>n";
10. $get_result = $mem->get('hellokey');
11. echo "$get_result is from memcached server.";
12. ?>
13. ~

测试访问即可。

5.安装wordpress测试访问即可

十、安装memadmin-master查看memcached状态信息

1.解压即可使用

1. //解压至php服务器/usr/local/nginx/html/
2. # unzip memadmin-master.zip

2.测试访问

www.hoo.com/memadmin-master