自从70年代起，Vi一直是程序员最好的伙伴之一，无论你是Vi新手或者是老手，下面分类给出了100个有用的Vi命令，相信会对你有所帮助。
 

Basics

 

:e filename Open filename for edition
:w Save file
:q Exit Vim
:w! Exit Vim without saving

 

Search

 

/word Search word from top to bottom
?word Search word from bottom to top
/jo[ha]n Search john or joan
//< the Search the, theatre or then
/the/> Search the or breathe
//< the/> Search the
//< ¦./> Search all words of 4 letters
/// Search fred but not alfred or frederick
/fred/|joe Search fred or joe
//</d/d/d/d/> Search exactly 4 digits
/^/n/{3} Find 3 empty lines
:bufdo /searchstr/ Search in all open files

 

Replace

 

:%s/old/new/g Replace all occurences of old by new in file
:%s/old/new/gw Replace all occurences with confirmation
:2,35s/old/new/g Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35
:5,$s/old/new/g Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF
:%s/^/hello/g Replace the begining of each line by hello
:%s/$/Harry/g Replace the end of each line by Harry
:%s/onward/forward/gi Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
:%s/ *$//g Delete all white spaces
:g/string/d Delete all lines containing string
:v/string/d Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string
:s/Bill/Steve/ Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line
:s/Bill/Steve/g Replace Bill by Steve in current line
:%s/Bill/Steve/g Replace Bill by Steve in all the file
:%s//r//g Delete DOS carriage returns (^M)
:%s//r//r/g Transform DOS carriage returns in returns
:%s#<[^>]/+>##g Delete HTML tags but keeps text
:%s/^/(.*/)/n/1$//1/ Delete lines which appears twice
Ctrl+a Increment number under the cursor
Ctrl+x Decrement number under cursor
ggVGg? Change text to Rot13

 

Case

 

Vu Lowercase line
VU Uppercase line
g~~ Invert case
vEU Switch word to uppercase
vE~ Modify word case
ggguG Set all text to lowercase
:set ignorecase Ignore case in searches
:set smartcase Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used
:%s//<.//u&/g Sets first letter of each word to uppercase
:%s//<.//l&/g Sets first letter of each word to lowercase
:%s/.*//u& Sets first letter of each line to uppercase
:%s/.*//l& Sets first letter of each line to lowercase

 

Read/Write files

 

:1,10 w outfile Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile
:1,10 w >> outfile Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile
:r infile Insert the content of infile
:23r infile Insert the content of infile under line 23

 

File explorer

 

:e . Open integrated file explorer
:Sex Split window and open integrated file explorer
:browse e Graphical file explorer
:ls List buffers
:cd .. Move to parent directory
:args List files
:args *.php Open file list
:grep expression *.php Returns a list of .php files contening expression
gf Open file name under cursor

 

Interact with Unix

 

:!pwd Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi
!!pwd Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file
:sh Temporary returns to Unix
$exit Retourns to Vi

 

Alignment

 

:%!fmt Align all lines
!}fmt Align all lines at the current position
5!!fmt Align the next 5 lines

 

Tabs

 

:tabnew Creates a new tab
gt Show next tab
:tabfirst Show first tab
:tablast Show last tab
:tabm n(position) Rearrange tabs
:tabdo %s/foo/bar/g Execute a command in all tabs
:tab ball Puts all open files in tabs

 

Window spliting

 

:e filename Edit filename in current window
:split filename Split the window and open filename
ctrl-w up arrow Puts cursor in top window
ctrl-w ctrl-w Puts cursor in next window
ctrl-w_ Maximise current window
ctrl-w= Gives the same size to all windows
10 ctrl-w+ Add 10 lines to current window
:vsplit file Split window vertically
:sview file Same as :split in readonly mode
:hide Close current window
:­nly Close all windows, excepted current
:b 2 Open #2 in this window

 

Auto-completion

 

Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode) Complete word
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l Complete line
:set dictionary=dict Define dict as a dictionnary
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k Complete with dictionnary

 

Marks

 

mk Marks current position as k
˜k Moves cursor to mark k
d™k Delete all until mark k

 

Abbreviations

 

:ab mail mail@provider.org Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org

 

Text indent

 

:set autoindent Turn on auto-indent
:set smartindent Turn on intelligent auto-indent
:set shiftwidth=4 Defines 4 spaces as indent size
ctrl-t, ctrl-d Indent/un-indent in insert mode
>> Indent
<< Un-indent

 

Syntax highlighting

 

:syntax on Turn on syntax highlighting
:syntax off Turn off syntax highlighting
:set syntax=perl Force syntax highlighting