CentOS-5.6-x86_64-bin下DNS安装基础篇

发布时间：2014-09-05 17:01:21作者：知识屋

CentOS-5.6-x86_64-bin下DNS安装基础篇
1、安装
### 备注：System OS：CentOS-5.6-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2
# yum install -y bind bind-chroot ypbind bind-utils
# rpm -qa |grep bind
bind-libs-9.3.6-16.P1.el5
bind-utils-9.3.6-16.P1.el5
ypbind-1.19-12.el5_6.1
bind-9.3.6-16.P1.el5
bind-chroot-9.3.6-16.P1.el5
# yum install -y caching-nameserver-9.3.*   //安装后可启动named
# service named start
# netstat -antup         //TCP 53/953端口开放，953提供给rndc工具用来管理DNS服务器
2、主区域配置
# cd /var/named/chroot/etc     //以下操作均在此路径下
# cp -p named.caching-nameserver.conf named.conf   //注意加 -p 所属组不变
# cp -p named.rfc1912.zones named.rfc1912.zones_back
# vim named.conf
### 配置内容如下：
options {
        listen-on port 53 { any; };
        listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        // Those options should be used carefully because they disable port
        // randomization
        // query-source    port 53;
        // query-source-v6 port 53;
        allow-query     { any; };
        allow-query-cache { any; };
};
logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};
view localhost_resolver {
        match-clients      { any; };
        match-destinations { any; };
        recursion yes;
        include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
};
### 结束 ###
# vim named.rfc1912.zones
### 配置内容如下：
zone "." IN {
        type hint;
        file "named.ca";
};
zone "laowafang.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "laowafang.com.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};
zone "113.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "laowafang.com.local";
        allow-update { none; };
};
### 结束 ###
3、区域文件配置
# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named           //以下操作均在此路径下
# cp -p localhost.zone laowafang.com.zone //拷贝正向文件
# cp -p named.local laowafang.com.local    //拷贝反向文件
# vim laowafang.com.zone
### 配置内容如下：
$TTL    86400
@               IN SOA @       root (
                                        42              ; serial (d. adams)
                                        3H              ; refresh
                                        15M             ; retry
                                        1W              ; expiry
                                        1D )            ; minimum
                IN NS           dns.laowafang.com.
                IN MX   10      mail.laowafang.com.
www1            IN A            192.168.113.104
www2            IN A            192.168.113.105
www             IN CNAME        www1.laowafang.com.
### 结束 ###
# vim laowafang.com.local
### 配置内容如下：
$TTL    86400
@       IN      SOA     dns.laowafang.com. root.laowafang.com. (
                                      1997022700 ; Serial
                                      28800      ; Refresh
                                      14400      ; Retry
                                      3600000    ; Expire
                                      86400 )    ; Minimum
        IN      NS      dns.laowafang.com.
104       IN      PTR     www1.laowafang.com.
105       IN      PTR     www2.laowafang.com.
### 结束 ###
# ln -s /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf /etc/    //创建软连接
# ll /etc/name* //查看连接是否创建成功
# service named restart
# tail /var/log/messages    //查看日志存在 running 及成功启动
4、测试
# nslookup             //使用客户端正向测试解析
[root@dnsmaster etc]# nslookup
> server 127.0.0.1
Default server: 127.0.0.1
Address: 127.0.0.1#53
> www1.laowafang.com
Server:         127.0.0.1
Address:        127.0.0.1#53
Name:   www1.laowafang.com     //正向解析成功
Address: 192.168.113.104
> www2.laowafang.com
Server:         127.0.0.1
Address:        127.0.0.1#53
Name:   www2.laowafang.com
Address: 192.168.113.105
> 192.168.113.104            //反向解析成功
Server:         127.0.0.1
Address:        127.0.0.1#53
104.113.168.192.in-addr.arpa    name = www1.laowafang.com.
> 192.168.113.105
Server:         127.0.0.1
Address:        127.0.0.1#53
105.113.168.192.in-addr.arpa    name = www2.laowafang.com.
5、rndc工具使用
使用rndc可以在不停止DNS服务器工作的情况下进行数据的更新，使配置生效。953提供给rndc工具用来管理DNS服务器。
# rndc-confgen > /etc/rndc.conf     //生产配置文件
### 配置内容如下：
# Start of rndc.conf
key "rndckey" {
        algorithm hmac-md5;
        secret "xO/qxwFJjYE41OrsbEAexQ==";
};
options {
        default-key "rndckey";
        default-server 127.0.0.1;
        default-port 953;
};
# End of rndc.conf
# Use with the following in named.conf, adjusting the allow list as needed:
# key "rndckey" {
#       algorithm hmac-md5;
#       secret "xO/qxwFJjYE41OrsbEAexQ==";
# };
#
# controls {
#       inet 127.0.0.1 port 953
#               allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndckey"; };
# };
# End of named.conf
### 结束 ###
# vim /etc/named.conf   //拷贝有 # 号注释的内容到named.conf末尾
### 添加内容如下：
### rndc.conf 2011-08-26 ###
key "rndckey" {
      algorithm hmac-md5;
      secret "xO/qxwFJjYE41OrsbEAexQ==";
};
controls {
      inet 127.0.0.1 port 953
              allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndckey"; };
};
### configure end ###
### 结束 ###
# service named restart
# rndc reload          //修改完.zone文件，使用rndc工具加载即可，可以查考第四部分进行测试

6、辅助DNS
备注：安装内容同主DNS安装
# scp -p 22 root@192.168.113.100:/var/named/chroot/etc/* ./       //拷贝主DNS服务器配置文件到辅助DNS上
# chown root.named /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf   //修改其权限
备注：以上操作在辅助DNS上操作
（1）修改主DNS服务器配置文件
# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
### 配置内容如下：
zone "." IN {
        type hint;
        file "named.ca";
};
zone "laowafang.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "laowafang.com.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
        allow-transfer{ 192.168.113.101; };    //注意{空格192.168.113.101;空格}分号
        also-notify{ 192.168.113.101; };
};
zone "113.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "laowafang.com.local";
        allow-update { none; };
        allow-transfer{ 192.168.113.101; };
        also-notify{ 192.168.113.101; };
};
### 结束 ###
（2）修改辅助DNS服务器配置文件
# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
### 配置内容如下：
zone "." IN {
        type hint;
        file "named.ca";
};
zone "laowafang.com" IN {
        type slave;
        file "slaves/laowafang.com.zone";
        masters { 192.168.113.100; };
};
zone "113.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type slave;
        file "slaves/laowafang.com.local";
        masters { 192.168.113.100; };
};
### 结束 ###
# ln -s /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf /etc/    //创建软连接
# ll /etc/name* //查看连接是否创建成功
# service named restart
# tail /var/log/messages    //查看日志存在 running 及成功启动
# ls /var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/   //查看是否同步了区域文件
7、注意事项
（1）注意/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf文件的权限：root.named
（2）the working directory is not writable 可以尝试加权限解决：
# chmod g+w /var/named/chroot/var/named
（3）主辅同步测试时需要修改serial值 42+