CentOS5.9下安装配置keepalived

keepalived是由C语言编写的路由软件，是lvs的扩展项目，主要用作RealServer的健康状态检查以及LoadBalance主机和BackUP主机之间failover的实现。keepalived是一个类似于layer3, 4 & 7交换机制的软件，也就是我们平时说的第3层、第4层和第7层交换。本文主要介绍了其安装过程供大家参考。

1、获取安装软件

2、安装前提

a、确保ipvs已经被安装#如下，执行ipvsadm检查ipvs是否已经安装(当前大多数Linux缺省已安装)[root@HKBO ~]# ipvsadmIP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn#检查当前加载的内核模块，看是否存在ip_vs模块[root@HKBO ~]# lsmod|grep ip_vs ip_vs                 122113  0 b、安装相应的依赖包# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 ncurses-devel bison libaio-devel /> cmake libnl* libpopt* popt-static openssl-devel

3、安装keepalived

[root@HKBO ~]# more /etc/issueCentOS release 5.9 (Final)# mkdir /usr/local/keepalived# cd /usr/local/src# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.13.tar.gz# tar -xvf keepalived-1.2.13.tar.gz # cd keepalived-1.2.13# ./configure --disable-fwmark --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived         ...............Keepalived configuration------------------------Keepalived version       : 1.2.13Compiler                 : gccCompiler flags           : -g -O2 -DETHERTYPE_IPV6=0x86ddExtra Lib                : -lssl -lcrypto -lcrypt Use IPVS Framework       : YesIPVS sync daemon support : YesIPVS use libnl           : Nofwmark socket support    : NoUse VRRP Framework       : YesUse VRRP VMAC            : NoSNMP support             : NoSHA1 support             : NoUse Debug flags          : No# make && make install# ls /usr/local/keepalived/  #查看安装完成后，生成了4个目录bin  etc  sbin  share# cd /usr/local/keepalived/etc[root@HKBO etc]# tree.|-- keepalived|   |-- keepalived.conf   #keepalived的配置样例|   `-- samples|       |-- client.pem|       |-- dh1024.pem|       |-- keepalived.conf.HTTP_GET.port|       |-- keepalived.conf.IPv6|       |-- keepalived.conf.SMTP_CHECK|       |-- keepalived.conf.SSL_GET|       |-- keepalived.conf.fwmark|       |-- keepalived.conf.inhibit|       |-- keepalived.conf.misc_check|       |-- keepalived.conf.misc_check_arg|       |-- keepalived.conf.quorum|       |-- keepalived.conf.sample|       |-- keepalived.conf.status_code|       |-- keepalived.conf.track_interface|       |-- keepalived.conf.virtual_server_group|       |-- keepalived.conf.virtualhost|       |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp|       |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp.localcheck|       |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp.lvs_syncd|       |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp.routes|       |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp.scripts|       |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp.static_ipaddress|       |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp.sync|       |-- root.pem|       `-- sample.misccheck.smbcheck.sh|-- rc.d|   `-- init.d|       `-- keepalived`-- sysconfig    `-- keepalived# cd /usr/local/keepalived/sbin# ./keepalived --help            #获取keepalived的一些帮助Usage: ./keepalived [OPTION...]  -f, --use-file=FILE          Use the specified configuration file  -P, --vrrp                   Only run with VRRP subsystem  -C, --check                  Only run with Health-checker subsystem  -l, --log-console            Log messages to local console  -D, --log-detail             Detailed log messages  -S, --log-facility=[0-7]     Set syslog facility to LOG_LOCAL[0-7]  -V, --dont-release-vrrp      Don't remove VRRP VIPs and VROUTEs on daemon stop  -I, --dont-release-ipvs      Don't remove IPVS topology on daemon stop  -R, --dont-respawn           Don't respawn child processes  -n, --dont-fork              Don't fork the daemon process  -d, --dump-conf              Dump the configuration data  -p, --pid=FILE               Use specified pidfile for parent process  -r, --vrrp_pid=FILE          Use specified pidfile for VRRP child process  -c, --checkers_pid=FILE      Use specified pidfile for checkers child process  -v, --version                Display the version number  -h, --help                   Display this help message# mkdir /etc/keepalived/# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/  # cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/# service keepalived restartStopping keepalived: [FAILED]Starting keepalived: [  OK  ]# service keepalived statuskeepalived (pid  12092) is running...# chkconfig keepalived on# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo    inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000    link/ether 00:50:56:84:04:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 192.168.1.66/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0    inet 192.168.200.16/32 scope global eth0    inet 192.168.200.17/32 scope global eth0    inet 192.168.200.18/32 scope global eth0    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:42c/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop     link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

4、有关keepalived.conf的配置项

[root@HKBO keepalived]# more keepalived.conf! Configuration File for keepalived#全局定义块，包含邮件定义部分，global_defs {   notification_email {     acassen@firewall.loc     failover@firewall.loc     sysadmin@firewall.loc   }   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc   smtp_server 192.168.200.1   smtp_connect_timeout 30   router_id LVS_DEVEL  //负载均衡器标识，在一个网络内，它应该是唯一的}#VRRP实例定义块，负责负载均衡器之间的失败切换vrrp_instance VI_1 {    state MASTER                       //只有MASTER和BACKUP 2种状态，主为MASTER，从为BACKUP，使用大写                                            interface eth0                     //监控的网络接口                                                   virtual_router_id 51               //同一实例下virtual_router_id必须相同                               priority 100                       //定义优先级，数字越大，优先级越高                                advert_int 1                       //MASTER与BACKUP负载均衡器之间同步检查的时间间隔，单位是秒          authentication {                   //验证类型和密码                                                        auth_type PASS        auth_pass 1111    }    virtual_ipaddress {                //虚拟ip地址virtual_ipaddress,可以定义多个        192.168.200.16        192.168.200.17        192.168.200.18    }}#虚拟服务器定义块virtual_server 192.168.200.100 443 {                               //定义虚拟服务器                                               delay_loop 6                                                   //delay_loop，健康检查时间间隔，单位是秒                                        lb_algo rr                                                     //负载调度算法，这里设置为rr，即轮询算法，互联网应用常使用wlc或rr                           lb_kind NAT                                                    //负载均衡转发规则。一般包括DR,NAT,TUN3种，在我的方案中，都使用DR的方式       nat_mask 255.255.255.0                                         //子网掩码          persistence_timeout 50                                         //会话保持时间，单位是秒（可以适当延长时间以保持session）                                    protocol TCP                                                   //转发协议类型，有tcp和udp两种                                                                                         real_server 192.168.201.100 443 {                              //真实服务器IP及端口                                                    weight 1                                                   //默认为1,0为失效                                  SSL_GET {                                                                               url {                                                                                 path /                                                                              digest ff20ad2481f97b1754ef3e12ecd3a9cc                                           }            url {              path /mrtg/              digest 9b3a0c85a887a256d6939da88aabd8cd            }            connect_timeout 3            nb_get_retry 3            delay_before_retry 3        }    }}virtual_server 10.10.10.2 1358 {    delay_loop 6    lb_algo rr     lb_kind NAT    persistence_timeout 50    protocol TCP    sorry_server 192.168.200.200 1358    real_server 192.168.200.2 1358 {        weight 1        HTTP_GET {            url {               path /testurl/test.jsp              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d            }            url {               path /testurl2/test.jsp              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d            }            url {               path /testurl3/test.jsp              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d            }            connect_timeout 3            nb_get_retry 3            delay_before_retry 3        }    }    real_server 192.168.200.3 1358 {        weight 1        HTTP_GET {            url {               path /testurl/test.jsp              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c            }            url {               path /testurl2/test.jsp              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c            }            connect_timeout 3            nb_get_retry 3            delay_before_retry 3        }    }}

5、配置主备keepalived

a、配置主备keepalived#主，以下主要列出keepalived.conf差异部分vrrp_instance VI_1 {    state MASTER    interface eth0    virtual_router_id 51    priority 100    advert_int 1    authentication {        auth_type PASS        auth_pass 1111    }    virtual_ipaddress {        192.168.1.220        192.168.1.230    }}#备，以下主要列出keepalived.conf差异部分vrrp_instance VI_1 {    state BACKUP     interface eth0    virtual_router_id 51    priority 90     advert_int 1    authentication {        auth_type PASS        auth_pass 1111    }    virtual_ipaddress {        192.168.1.220        192.168.1.230    }}b、测试主备keepalived#启动主服务器上的keepalived服务[root@MASTER ~]# service keepalived startStarting keepalived: [  OK  ][root@SZ-SYS-APP01 ~]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo    inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000    link/ether 00:50:56:84:1f:37 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 192.168.1.65/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0    inet 192.168.1.220/32 scope global eth0    #可以看到220和230的虚IP    inet 192.168.1.230/32 scope global eth0    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:1f37/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop     link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0#启动备用服务器上的keepalived服务[root@BACKUP ~]# service keepalived startStarting keepalived: [  OK  ]#下面的查询结果中，虚IP220和230并为出现在备用服务器[root@HKBO ~]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo    inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000    link/ether 00:50:56:84:04:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 192.168.1.66/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:42c/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop     link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0#关闭主服务上的keepalived服务，观察vip是否会漂移到备用服务        [root@MASTER ~]# service keepalived stopStopping keepalived: [  OK  ][root@MASTER ~]# ip addr    #关闭后，该命令可以看到220和230的虚IP已经不存在于主服务器1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo    inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000    link/ether 00:50:56:84:1f:37 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 192.168.1.65/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:1f37/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop     link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0#此时在备用服务器上查看到了漂移的vip地址[root@BACKUP ~]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo    inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000    link/ether 00:50:56:84:04:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 192.168.1.66/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0    inet 192.168.1.220/32 scope global eth0    inet 192.168.1.230/32 scope global eth0    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:42c/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop     link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0#如果再次启动主服务器上的keepalived服务，则会vip自动漂移到主服务器，不再验证。#Author : Leshami#Blog   ：http://blog.csdn.net/leshami

6、配置双主keepalived

双主的keepalived方式实际上是互为主备，以避免单点故障#配置主备keepalivedMasterA: 192.168.1.65, VirtualIP: 192.168.1.220MasterB: 192.168.1.66, VirtualIP: 192.168.1.230#主，以下主要列出keepalived.conf差异部分vrrp_instance VI_1 {    state MASTER    interface eth0    virtual_router_id 51    priority 100    advert_int 1    authentication {        auth_type PASS        auth_pass 1111    }    virtual_ipaddress {        192.168.1.220    }}vrrp_instance VI_2 {    state BACKUP    interface eth0    virtual_router_id 52    priority 90    advert_int 1    authentication {        auth_type PASS        auth_pass 1111    }    virtual_ipaddress {        192.168.1.230    }}#备，以下主要列出keepalived.conf差异部分vrrp_instance VI_1 {    state BACKUP    interface eth0    virtual_router_id 51    priority 90    advert_int 1    authentication {        auth_type PASS        auth_pass 1111    }    virtual_ipaddress {        192.168.1.220    }}vrrp_instance VI_2 {    state MASTER    interface eth0    virtual_router_id 52    priority 100    advert_int 1    authentication {        auth_type PASS        auth_pass 1111    }    virtual_ipaddress {        192.168.1.230    }}#从上面的配置文件中可以看出，实际上是增加了一个vrrp实例#验证过程略

7、编译时的错误No SO_MARK

#如果在编译时碰到了No SO_MARK错误，如下# ./configure checking for gcc... gccchecking whether the C compiler works... yeschecking for C compiler default output file name... a.outchecking for suffix of executables... checking whether we are cross compiling... nochecking for suffix of object files... o          ...........checking for nl_socket_alloc in -lnl-3... nochecking for nl_socket_modify_cb in -lnl... noconfigure: WARNING: keepalived will be built without libnl support.checking for kernel version... 2.6.18checking for IPVS syncd support... yeschecking for kernel macvlan support... nochecking whether SO_MARK is declared... noconfigure: error: No SO_MARK declaration in headers#可以通过增加disable-fwmark参数来解决--disable-fwmark        compile without SO_MARK support