Linux下sort命令的使用

Linux下的sort命令默认将文件中的每一行为单位，进行排序，然后输出。具体地，就是从每行的第一个字符开始，依次按ASCII码值进行比较，最后将结果按升序排序输出。

1、sort常用选项

这里的-k选项比较复杂，这里单独说一下-k后面指定参数的格式：

FStart.CStartModifier,FEnd.CEndModifier     开始部分        ,     结束部分

-k选项用来指定排序的关键字列，也就是排序依据的字段。-k后的参数格式大致分为两个部分，开始部分和结束部分。开始部分中又可以看出三个参数：FStart、CStart和Modifier，其中FStart表示第第几列（FStart表示Field Start，也就是这个值用来指定排序依据所开始的列，列的序号从1开始，不是程序猿通常习惯的0），CStart表示第几个字符（Character Start，就是说这个值用来说明排序依据从该列的第几个字符开始，如果没有指定，默认从第一个字符开始），Modifier就是n、r等指定数值排序、逆序等的选项。与开始部分类似，结束部分也有三个参数：FEnd、CEnd和Modifier，其中FEnd就是指定排序依据到第几列结束，CEnd指定排序依据到该列的第几个字符结束，如果省略或者指定为0，则默认到该域的最后一个字符，Modifier的含义和开始部分一样。

注意，如果没有开始部分，则默认从行首开始，如果省略结束部分，则默认到行末结束。

2、例子

这里的例子用下面的文件作为例子：

$ cat name_list.txtaName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.Abbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:KlondikeHara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd.Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and LyricsKobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles LakersTimothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio SpursTony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio SpursManu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio SpursLaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail BlazersaName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.$ 

2.1 常见的r，u，n选项的使用

$ sort name_list.txtAbbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:KlondikeaName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and LyricsHara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd.Kobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles LakersLaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail BlazersManu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio SpursTimothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio SpursTony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio Spurs$ sort -u name_list.txtAbbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:KlondikeaName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and LyricsHara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd.Kobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles LakersLaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail BlazersManu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio SpursTimothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio SpursTony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio Spurs$ sort -r name_list.txtTony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio SpursTimothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio SpursManu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio SpursLaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail BlazersKobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles LakersHara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd.Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and LyricsaName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.Abbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:Klondike$ sort -ru name_list.txtTony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio SpursTimothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio SpursManu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio SpursLaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail BlazersKobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles LakersHara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd.Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and LyricsaName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.Abbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:Klondike

2.2 -k字段的使用

（1）根据人名列表中出生年份字段排序

出生年份就是出生年月的前四个字符。

$ sort -t : -k 4,4.4n name_list.txt   aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and LyricsTimothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio SpursManu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio SpursKobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles LakersAbbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:KlondikeTony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio SpursLaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail BlazersHara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd.

$ sort -t : -k 4.5,4.6n name_list.txt  aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and LyricsTimothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio SpursTony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio SpursHara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd.LaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail BlazersManu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio SpursAbbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:KlondikeKobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles Lakers

$ sort -t : -k 5,5.4n name_list.txt      aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.Hara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd.Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and LyricsAbbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:KlondikeTony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio SpursKobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles LakersManu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio SpursLaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail BlazersTimothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio Spurs